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File dpkg-fsys-usrunmess

#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# dpkg-fsys-usrunmess - Undoes the merged-/usr-via-aliased-dirs mess
#
# Copyright © 2020-2021 Guillem Jover <guillem@debian.org>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>

use strict;
use warnings;
use feature qw(state);

our ($PROGNAME) = $0 =~ m{(?:.*/)?([^/]*)};
our $PROGVERSION = '1.20.9';
our $ADMINDIR = '/var/lib/dpkg';

use POSIX;
use Getopt::Long qw(:config posix_default bundling_values no_ignorecase);

eval q{
    pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.';
    use File::FcntlLock;
};
if ($@) {
    fatal('missing File::FcntlLock module; please install libfile-fcntllock-perl');
}

my $opt_noact = length $ENV{DPKG_USRUNMESS_NOACT} ? 1 : 0;
my $opt_prompt = 0;

my @options_spec = (
    'help|?' => sub { usage(); exit 0; },
    'version' => sub { version(); exit 0; },
    'dry-run|no-act|n' => \$opt_noact,
    'prompt|p' => \$opt_prompt,
);

{
    local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { usageerr($_[0]) };
    GetOptions(@options_spec);
}

my @aliased_dirs;

#
# Scan all dirs under / and check whether any are aliased to /usr.
#

foreach my $path (glob '/*') {
    debug("checking symlink? $path");
    next unless -l $path;
    debug("checking merged-usr symlink? $path");
    my $symlink = readlink $path;
    next unless $symlink eq "usr$path" or $symlink eq "/usr$path";
    debug("merged-usr breakage, queueing $path");
    push @aliased_dirs, $path;
}

if (@aliased_dirs == 0) {
    print "System is fine, no aliased directories found, congrats!\n";
    exit 0;
}

#
# dpkg consistency checks
#

debug('checking dpkg database consistency');
system(qw(dpkg --audit)) == 0
    or fatal("cannot audit the dpkg database: $!");

debug('checking whether dpkg has been interrupted');
if (glob "$ADMINDIR/updates/*") {
    fatal('dpkg is in an inconsistent state, please fix that');
}

my $aliased_regex = '^(' . join('|', @aliased_dirs) . ')/';

#
# Get a list of all paths (including diversion) under the aliased dirs.
#

my @search_args;
my %aliased_pathnames;
foreach my $dir (@aliased_dirs) {
    push @search_args, "$dir/*";
}
open my $fh_paths, '-|', 'dpkg-query', '--search', @search_args
    or fatal("cannot execute dpkg-query --search: $!");
while (<$fh_paths>) {
    if (m/^diversion by [^ ]+ from: .*$/) {
        # Ignore.
    } elsif (m/^diversion by [^ ]+ to: (.*)$/) {
        if (-e $1) {
            add_pathname($1, 'diverted pathname');
        }
    } elsif (m/^.*: (.*)$/) {
        add_pathname($1, 'pathname');
    }
}
close $fh_paths;

#
# Get a list of all update-alternatives under the aliased dirs.
#

my @selections = qx(update-alternatives --get-selections);
foreach my $selection (@selections) {
    my $name = (split(' ', $selection))[0];
    my $slaves = 0;

open my $fh_alts, '-|', 'update-alternatives', '--query', $name
        or fatal("cannot execute update-alternatives --query: $!");
    while (<$fh_alts>) {
        if (m/^\s*$/) {
            last;
        } elsif (m/^Link: (.*)$/) {
            add_pathname($1, 'alternative link');
        } elsif (m/^Slaves:\s*$/) {
            $slaves = 1;
        } elsif ($slaves and m/^\s\S+\s(\S+)$/) {
            add_pathname($1, 'alternative slave');
        } else {
            $slaves = 0;
        }
    }
    close $fh_alts;
}

my $sroot = '/.usrunmess';
my @relabel;

#
# Create a shadow hierarchy under / for the new unmessed dir:
#

debug("creating shadow dir = $sroot");
mkdir $sroot
    or sysfatal("cannot create directory $sroot");
foreach my $dir (@aliased_dirs) {
    debug("creating shadow dir = $sroot$dir");
    mkdir "$sroot$dir"
        or sysfatal("cannot create directory $sroot$dir");
    push @relabel, "$sroot$dir";
}

#
# Populate the split dirs with hardlinks or copies of the objects from
# their counter-parts in /usr.
#

foreach my $pathname (sort keys %aliased_pathnames) {
    my (@meta) = lstat $pathname
        or sysfatal("cannot lstat object $pathname for shadow hierarchy");

if (-d _) {
        my $mode = $meta[2];
        my ($uid, $gid) = @meta[4, 5];
        my ($atime, $mtime, $ctime) = @meta[8, 9, 10];

debug("creating shadow dir = $sroot$pathname");
        mkdir "$sroot$pathname"
            or sysfatal("cannot mkdir $sroot$pathname");
        chmod $mode, "$sroot$pathname"
            or sysfatal("cannot chmod $mode $sroot$pathname");
        chown $uid, $gid, "$sroot$pathname"
            or sysfatal("cannot chown $uid $gid $sroot$pathname");
        utime $atime, $mtime, "$sroot$pathname"
            or sysfatal("cannot utime $atime $mtime $sroot$pathname");
        push @relabel, "$sroot$pathname";
    } elsif (-f _) {
        debug("creating shadow file = $sroot$pathname");
        copy("/usr$pathname", "$sroot$pathname");
    } elsif (-l _) {
        my $target = readlink "/usr$pathname";

debug("creating shadow symlink = $sroot$pathname");
        symlink $target, "$sroot$pathname"
            or sysfatal("cannot symlink $target to $sroot$pathname");
        push @relabel, "$sroot$pathname";
    } else {
        fatal("unhandled object type for '$pathname'");
    }
}

#
# Prompt at the point of no return, if the user requested it.
#

if ($opt_prompt) {
    print "Shadow hierarchy created at '$sroot', ready to proceed (y/N)? ";
    my $reply = <STDIN>;
    chomp $reply;

if ($reply ne 'y' and $reply ne 'yes') {
        print "Aborting migration, shadow hierarchy left in place.\n";
        exit 0;
    }
}

#
# Mark all packages as half-configured so that we can force a mass
# reconfiguration, to trigger any code in maintainer scripts that might
# create files.
#
# XXX: We do this manually by editing the status file.
# XXX: We do this for packages that might not have maintscripts, or might
#      not involve affected directories.
#

debug('marking all dpkg packages as half-configured');
if (not $opt_noact) {
    open my $fh_lock, '>', "$ADMINDIR/lock"
        or sysfatal('cannot open dpkg database lock file');
    my $fs = File::FcntlLock->new(l_type => F_WRLCK);
    $fs->lock($fh_lock, F_SETLKW)
        or sysfatal('cannot get a write lock on dpkg database');

my $file_db = "$ADMINDIR/status";
    my $file_dbnew = $file_db . '.new';

open my $fh_dbnew, '>', $file_dbnew
        or sysfatal('cannot open new dpkg database');
    open my $fh_db, '<', $file_db
        or sysfatal('cannot open dpkg database');
    while (<$fh_db>) {
        if (m/^Status: /) {
            s/ installed$/ half-configured/;
        }
        print { $fh_dbnew } $_;
    }
    close $fh_db;
    $fh_dbnew->flush() or sysfatal('cannot flush new dpkg database');
    $fh_dbnew->sync() or sysfatal('cannot fsync new dpkg database');
    close $fh_dbnew or sysfatal('cannot close new dpkg database');

rename $file_dbnew, $file_db
        or sysfatal('cannot rename new dpkg database');
}

#
# Replace things as quickly as possible:
#

foreach my $dir (@aliased_dirs) {
    debug("making dir backup = $dir.aliased");
    if (not $opt_noact) {
        rename $dir, "$dir.aliased"
            or sysfatal("cannot make backup directory $dir.aliased");
    }

debug("renaming $sroot$dir to $dir");
    if (not $opt_noact) {
        rename "$sroot$dir", $dir
            or sysfatal("cannot install fixed directory $dir");
    }
}

mac_relabel();

#
# Re-configure all packages, so that postinst maintscripts are executed.
#

debug('reconfigured all packages');
if (not $opt_noact) {
    local $ENV{DEBIAN_FRONTEND} = 'noninteractive';
    system(qw(dpkg --configure --pending)) == 0
        or fatal("cannot reconfigure packages: $!");
}

#
# Cleanup backup directories.
#

foreach my $dir (@aliased_dirs) {
    debug("removing backup = $dir.aliased");
    if (not $opt_noact) {
        unlink "$dir.aliased"
            or sysfatal("cannot cleanup backup directory $dir.aliased");
    }
}

my %deferred_dirnames;

#
# Cleanup moved objects.
#

foreach my $pathname (sort keys %aliased_pathnames) {
    my (@meta) = lstat $pathname
        or sysfatal("cannot lstat object $pathname for cleanup");

if (-d _) {
        # Skip directories as this might be shared by a proper path under the
        # aliased hierearchy. And so that we can remove them in reverse order.
        debug("deferring merged dir cleanup = /usr$pathname");
        $deferred_dirnames{"/usr$pathname"} = 1;
    } else {
        debug("cleaning up pathname = /usr$pathname");
        next if $opt_noact;
        unlink "/usr$pathname"
            or sysfatal("cannot unlink object /usr$pathname");
    }
}

#
# Cleanup deferred directories.
#

debug("cleaning up shadow deferred dir = $sroot");
my $arg_max = POSIX::sysconf(POSIX::_SC_ARG_MAX) // POSIX::_POSIX_ARG_MAX;
my @batch_dirs;
my $batch_size = 0;

foreach my $dir (keys %deferred_dirnames) {
    my $dir_size = length($dir) + 1;
    if ($batch_size + $dir_size < $arg_max) {
        $batch_size += length($dir) + 1;
        push @batch_dirs, $dir;

} else {
        next;
    }
    next if length $batch_size == 0;

open my $fh_dirs, '-|', 'dpkg-query', '--search', @batch_dirs
        or fatal("cannot execute dpkg-query --search: $!");
    while (<$fh_dirs>) {
        if (m/^.*: (.*)$/) {
            # If the directory is known by its aliased name, it should not be
            # cleaned up.
            if (exists $deferred_dirnames{$1}) {
                delete $deferred_dirnames{$1};
            }
        }
    }
    close $fh_dirs;

@batch_dirs = ();
    $batch_size = 0;
}

if (not $opt_noact) {
    foreach my $dirname (reverse sort keys %deferred_dirnames) {
        rmdir $dirname
            or sysfatal("cannot remove shadow directory $dirname");
    }
}

if (not $opt_noact) {
    debug("cleaning up shadow root dir = $sroot");
    rmdir $sroot
        or sysfatal("cannot remove shadow directory $sroot");
}

print "Done, hierarchy unmessed, congrats!\n";

print "(Note: you might need to run 'hash -r' in your shell.)\n";

##
## Functions
##

sub debug
{
    my $msg = shift;

print { \*STDERR } "D: $msg\n";
}

sub fatal
{
    my $msg = shift;

die "error: $msg\n";
}

sub sysfatal
{
    my $msg = shift;

fatal("$msg: $!");
}

sub copy
{
    my ($src, $dst) = @_;

# Try to hardlink first.
    return if link $src, $dst;

# If we are on different filesystems, try a copy.
    if ($! == POSIX::EXDEV) {
        # XXX: This will not preserve hardlinks, these would get restored
        # after the next package upgrade.
        system('cp', '-a', $src, $dst) == 0
            or fatal("cannot copy file $src to $dst: $?");
    } else {
        sysfatal("cannot link file $src to $dst");
    }
}

sub mac_relabel
{
    my $has_cmd = 0;
    foreach my $path (split /:/, $ENV{PATH}) {
        if (-x "$path/restorecon") {
            $has_cmd = 1;
            last;
        }
    }
    return unless $has_cmd;

foreach my $pathname (@relabel) {
        system('restorecon', $pathname) == 0
            or fatal("cannot restore MAC context for $pathname: $?");
    }
}

sub add_pathname
{
    my ($pathname, $origin) = @_;

if ($pathname =~ m/$aliased_regex/) {
        debug("adding $origin = $pathname");
        $aliased_pathnames{$pathname} = 1;
    }
}

sub version()
{
    printf "Debian %s version %s.\n", $PROGNAME, $PROGVERSION;
}

sub usage
{
    printf
'Usage: %s [<option>...]'
    . "\n\n" .
'Options:
  -p, --prompt      prompt before the point of no return.
  -n, --no-act      just check and create the new structure, no switch.
      --dry-run     ditto.
  -?, --help        show this help message.
      --version     show the version.'
    . "\n", $PROGNAME;
}

sub usageerr
{
    my $msg = shift;

state $printforhelp = 'Use --help for program usage information.';

$msg = sprintf $msg, @_ if @_;
    warn "$PROGNAME: error: $msg\n";
    warn "$printforhelp\n";
    exit 2;
}

Name	Type	Size	Permission	Last Modified	Actions
.	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2021-12-22 12:22:31
..	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2021-12-20 12:00:00
a2disconf	text/x-perl	15.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-08-08 07:47:06
a2dismod	text/x-perl	15.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-08-08 07:47:06
a2dissite	text/x-perl	15.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-08-08 07:47:06
a2enconf	text/x-perl	15.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-08-08 07:47:06
a2enmod	text/x-perl	15.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-08-08 07:47:06
a2ensite	text/x-perl	15.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-08-08 07:47:06
a2query	text/x-perl	9.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-07 05:49:44
add-shell	text/x-shellscript	915 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-09-27 05:25:47
addgroup	text/x-perl	33.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2018-09-15 07:12:39
adduser	text/x-perl	33.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2018-09-15 07:12:39
apache2	application/x-pie-executable	712.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-07 05:49:44
apache2ctl	text/x-shellscript	7.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-07 05:49:44
apachectl	text/x-shellscript	7.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-07 05:49:44
check_forensic	text/x-shellscript	952 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2011-04-26 03:10:00
chgpasswd	application/x-pie-executable	66.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
chmem	application/x-pie-executable	62.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-07-28 07:09:07
chpasswd	application/x-pie-executable	58.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
chroot	application/x-pie-executable	46.94 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-09-24 08:36:09
cpgr	application/x-pie-executable	60.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
cppw	application/x-pie-executable	60.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
delgroup	text/x-perl	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2018-09-15 07:12:39
deluser	text/x-perl	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2018-09-15 07:12:39
dpkg-fsys-usrunmess	text/x-perl	12.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-04-13 10:43:39
dpkg-preconfigure	text/x-perl	3.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-10 05:17:49
dpkg-reconfigure	text/x-perl	4.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-10 05:17:49
e2freefrag	application/x-pie-executable	14.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-07 11:27:15
e4crypt	application/x-pie-executable	26.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-07 11:27:15
e4defrag	application/x-pie-executable	34.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-07 11:27:15
faillock	application/x-pie-executable	13.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-08-26 07:11:23
fdformat	application/x-pie-executable	34.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-07-28 07:09:07
filefrag	application/x-pie-executable	18.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-07 11:27:15
groupadd	application/x-pie-executable	86.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
groupdel	application/x-pie-executable	82.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
groupmems	application/x-pie-executable	62.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
groupmod	application/x-pie-executable	90.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
grpck	application/x-pie-executable	62.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
grpconv	application/x-pie-executable	57.9 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
grpunconv	application/x-pie-executable	57.9 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
httxt2dbm	application/x-pie-executable	14.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-07 05:49:44
iconvconfig	application/x-pie-executable	30.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-02 12:47:40
invoke-rc.d	text/x-shellscript	16.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-12-14 08:19:00
ldattach	application/x-pie-executable	34.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-07-28 07:09:07
mklost+found	application/x-pie-executable	14.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-06-07 11:27:15
newusers	application/x-pie-executable	94.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
nologin	application/x-pie-executable	14.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
pam-auth-update	text/x-perl	20.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-08-26 07:11:23
pam_getenv	text/x-perl	2.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-01-30 10:09:52
pam_timestamp_check	application/x-pie-executable	13.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-08-26 07:11:23
policy-rc.d	text/x-shellscript	255 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-12-20 12:00:00
pwck	application/x-pie-executable	58.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
pwconv	application/x-pie-executable	53.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
pwunconv	application/x-pie-executable	53.9 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
readprofile	application/x-pie-executable	22.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-07-28 07:09:07
remove-shell	text/x-shellscript	963 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-09-27 05:25:47
rmt	application/x-pie-executable	58.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-02-17 09:55:26
rmt-tar	application/x-pie-executable	58.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-02-17 09:55:26
rtcwake	application/x-pie-executable	46.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-07-28 07:09:07
service	text/x-shellscript	8.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-12-14 08:19:00
split-logfile	text/x-perl	2.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-07 05:49:44
tarcat	text/x-shellscript	936 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-02-17 09:55:26
tzconfig	text/x-shellscript	106 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2016-01-21 05:04:38
update-ca-certificates	text/x-shellscript	5.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-01-19 10:11:04
update-gsfontmap	text/x-shellscript	470 B	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-09-09 05:23:11
update-mime	text/x-perl	9.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-02-25 06:24:36
update-passwd	application/x-pie-executable	34.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-07-10 11:57:43
update-rc.d	text/x-perl	16.92 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-12-14 08:19:00
useradd	application/x-pie-executable	139.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
userdel	application/x-pie-executable	94.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
usermod	application/x-pie-executable	135.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
vigr	application/x-pie-executable	68.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
vipw	application/x-pie-executable	68.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2020-02-07 02:54:14
zic	application/x-pie-executable	54.56 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2021-10-02 12:47:40

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